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2	Motion Distance – Total length moved by an object Speed – Average distance traveled b a moving object in a unit of time, such as m/sec or mph Speed = distance/time Acceleration – Change in the motion of an object
3	Force Force – Push or pull causes an object to change its motion; measured in newtons Amount of force needed to change the motion of a body is proportional to the body’s mass and speed of change F= ma Balanced vs. Unbalanced forces – balanced forces have no effect on an object’s motion. A force or group of forces that push more on one side tan the other is “unbalanced” and causes a change in movement.
4	Lever Lever – Allows a force applied on the loner side of the lever to create a greater force on the shorter side of the lever Work = force X distance
5	Pulleys Pulley - Can change the direction of a force; multiple pulleys allow a person to pull a rope and raise a weight a shorter distance than the rope is pulled; this increases the amount of force
6	Wedge Wedge - an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge, which cuts material apart
7	Inclined Plane
8	Screw Screw - An inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things together or lifts materials.
9	Wheel and Axle A wheel with a rod, called an axle, through its center lifts or moves loads.
10	Forms of Energy Energy – the ability to do work Kinetic energy – energy of motion based on the mass and speed of the moving object Heat energy – kinetic energy based on the vibrations and movements of atoms and molecules Potential energy – stored energy; energy of position Chemical bonds- form of potential energy
11	Transformation of Energy Energy can change from one form to another Kinetic energy can turn into potential energy and back again Heat energy can be used to create electrical energy; can be converted to heat energy Law of Conservation – energy can change its form, but its total quantity is always conserved
12	Other Forms of Energy Electricity – created by movement of electrons Nuclear Energy – when large nuclei split apart, they release energy; small amounts of matter can be converted to huge quantities of energy; when joined together, the nuclei of smaller atoms can also release nuclear energy
13	Waves Mechanical waves – seismic, water, or sound waves – pass through a medium; particles of the medium pass along the energy of the wave Electromagnetic radiation – these types of wave can pass through some forms of matter but do not require it; they can also pass through a vacuum or outer space; includes invisible waves and visible light